An Ontology of Megaprojects

Megaprojects are symbolic milestones of human history. From the Great Pyramid of Giza and the Great Wall of China to the Hoover Dam and the Manhattan Project, history is marked by an array of megaprojects. Some megaprojects are born out of necessity while others showcase power and status of individuals, groups, or countries. Most megaprojects are one-of-a-kind endeavors to which traditional project management principles are neither applicable nor suitable, rendering the holistic study of megaprojects especially difficult. Regardless of the recent uptick in research on megaprojects there is no systemic framework that can help systematically assess and guide megaprojects and megaproject research. In the absence of such a framework there is a significant risk of bias in planning the projects and the topics researched. In this paper, we present an ontology of megaprojects and discuss how it can help analyze individual megaprojects and synthesize the corpus of megaproject research

Ontological Meta-Analysis and Synthesis

We present ontological meta-analysis and synthesis as a method for reviewing, mapping, and visualizing the research literature in a domain cumulatively, logically, systematically, and systemically. The method highlights a domain’s bright spots that have been heavily studied, the light spots that have been lightly studied, the blind spots that have been overlooked, and the blank spots that have not been studied. It highlights the biases in a domain’s research; the research can then be realigned to make it stronger and more effective. We illustrate the method using the emerging domain of public health informatics (PHI). We present an ontological framework for the domain, map the literature onto the framework, and highlight its bright, light, and blind/blank spots. We also present detailed analyses using the ontological maps of dyads and triads. We conclude by discussing how (a) the results can be used to realign PHI research, and (b) the method can be used in other information systems domains

Ontological Meta-Analysis and Synthesis

We present ontological meta-analysis and synthesis as a method for reviewing, mapping, and visualizing the research literature in a domain cumulatively, logically, systematically, and systemically. The method will highlight the domain’s bright spots which are heavily emphasized, the light spots which are lightly emphasized, the blank spots which are not emphasized, and the blind spots which have been overlooked. It will highlight the biases and asymmetries in the domain’s research; the research can then be realigned to make it stronger and more effective. We illustrate the method using the emerging domain of Public Health Informatics (PHI). We present an ontological framework for the domain, map the literature onto the framework, and highlight its bright, light, and blank/blind spots. We conclude with a discussion of how (a) the results can be used to realign PHI research, and (b) the method can be used in other information systems domains

Envisioning the Future of Portfolio, Program, and Project Management (P3M): An Ontology

The vision of Portfolio, Program, and Project Management’s (P3M) future has to be visible in all its sagacity, complexity, and granularity to be effective. It has to be visible and meaningful to all stakeholders – to align them, to avoid dysfunctional conflicts among them, and for them to shape the future collaboratively, systematically, and systemically. Such visibility will help: (a) translate the vision into reality without distortion, (b) provide a coherent framework to manage uncertainty and change, (c) create a culture leading to excellence, (d) serve as a constant reference for assessment, feedback and learning throughout the P3M lifecycle, and (e) sustain the viability of P3M. We present an ontology to make the vision of P3M’s future visible. The ontology encapsulates the logic of the vision – its many dimensions, layers of elements, and innumerable components. It is parsimonious and can elucidate the vision’s complexity at different levels of granularity

Multidimensional Online Self in Collective Action: an empirical study on Wikipedia’s deletion discussion

A user’s trust and trustworthiness is an important facet of her motivation for online knowledge exchange. Current online knowledge exchange becomes increasingly interactive and collaborative, which calls for a more dynamic understanding of online users in this regard. We argue that an online user’s self can be reified through her experience and activities within an online community over time rather than becomes a displacement of a corporal self. Drawing upon Goffman’s concept of the presentation of self (1959), we propose a three-dimensional view of online self: backstage activity, an artifact of self-representation, and frontstage performance. We develop a research model that explains how a user establishes and maintains self as a trustworthy social member through the three dimensions of online self during collective action

Information Systems to Manage Local Climate Change Effects: A Unified Framework

In many localities, local climate change effects are disasters-in-the-making or -in- waiting. They must therefore be managed coherently and consistently to assure the resilience of the local population and its communities. They are of deep concern at the local, state, federal, and international levels of government. Information systems play a critical role in managing local climate change effects. We draw upon many simple and selective frameworks in the literature, some explicitly articulated, and others implicitly incorporated, to present a unified framework for information systems to manage local climate change effects. The framework is both systemic in its coverage and systematic in its development. Its outlook is symmetrically neutral with respect to local climate change effects, recognizing that the change could be both beneficial and harmful to the local community. It is presented using structured natural English and can be easily understood, interpreted, and applied by the researchers, policy makers, and practitioners

ONTOLOGICAL META-ANALYSIS AND SYNTHESIS OF HIPAA

We present ontological meta-analysis and synthesis of HIPAA (Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act) as a method for reviewing, mapping, and visualizing the research literature in the domain cumulatively, logically, systematically, and systemically. The method will highlight the domain\u27s bright spots which are heavily emphasized, the light spots which are lightly emphasized, the blind spots which have been overlooked, and the blank spots which may never be emphasized. It will highlight the biases and asymmetries in the domain\u27s research; the research can then be realigned to make it stronger and more effective. We present an ontology for HIPAA, map the literature onto the ontology, and highlight its bright, light, and blank/blind spots in an ontological map. We conclude with a discussion of how such a map can be used to realign HIPAA research and practice

Ontological Review of Smart City Research

The meaning of the word “city” has evolved since the first urban civilization was labeled as such more than 5,000 years ago. The concept of Smartness in Cities appeared initially because of the advancements in information technology; now cities are working diligently towards being considered “Smart”. However, the term Smart City is still conceptually vague and sometimes biased towards the use of information technology, and not on the city. This article a) presents an ontological framework of Smart City which is logically constructed but grounded in the literature of Smart Cities, and b) maps 373 journal articles—published in 2016 on the topic “smart city”—onto the framework. The mapping reveals that Smart City research in 2016 mainly focuses on the Smart part of the framework, specifically the structural elements, while the City part remains largely unexplored

Survival analysis of hospitalized COVID-19 patients in New Yangon General Hospital by prognostic indicators

Background: Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is an infectious disease of the SARS-CoV-2 virus and it can infect anyone resulting in serious illness and death. Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted in New Yangon General Hospital (NYGH), Yangon between September and November, 2022. Previous records of COVID-19 in-patients admitted to NYGH from 1st June to 31st October, 2021, were reviewed. COVID-19 in-patients who tested positive by real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) or rapid diagnostic test (RDT) were included in this study. Multivariate analysis by Cox proportional-hazards (CPH) model was used to identify the prognostic indicators associated with the survival of COVID-19 inpatients. Results: Of (460) COVID-19 positive patients, there were 133 (28.9%) deaths with mortality rate of 16.9 per 1000 person-days. Then, 97 (72.9%) deaths occurred within 21 days of symptom onset, with median survival time of 28 (95% CI: 25-36) days. The results of the CPH model showed that the abnormal chest X-ray (CXR) [aHR=3.8, 95% CI: (1.1, 12.6), p=0.032], SpO2 level below 92% [aHR=3.7, 95% CI: 2.3, 5.9, p<0.001)], serum creatinine level more than 133 µmol/L [aHR=1.9, 95% CI: 1.1, 3.2, p=0.025] and C-reactive protein level (CRP) more than 10 mg/L [aHR=3.9, 95% CI: 1.2, 12.9, p=0.027] were the prognostic indicators of COVID-19 death among inpatients in NYGH. Conclusions: Patients with abnormal CXR result, low SpO2 level, high serum creatinine level, and high CRP level may have increased risks of death among COVID-19 inpatients in NYGH. Thus, close monitoring of the hospitalized COVID-19 inpatients by using these prognostic indicators should be emphasized